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smooth relationship

Толкование Перевод

1 smooth relationship

ровные отношения

Politics english-russian dictionary > smooth relationship
2 relationship

n

отношения; взаимоотношения, взаимозависимость; связь

to be on the side of peaceful relationship — быть за мирные отношения

to broaden the relationship — расширять отношения

to carry one's weight in the security relationship — нести свою часть бремени в обеспечении безопасности

to cement the relationship — укреплять отношения

to cloud the relationship — омрачать отношения

to create a good relationship with smb — устанавливать хорошие отношения с кем-л.

to dismantle a relationship — разрушать отношения

to disrupt a relationship — портить отношения

to end a relationship — прекращать отношения

to enjoy a workable relationship — иметь хорошие рабочие отношения

to enter into a person-to-person relationship — вступать в личный контакт, устанавливать личный контакт

to establish a good relationship with smb — устанавливать хорошие отношения с кем-л.

to govern a relationship — регулировать отношения

to have a workable relationship — иметь хорошие рабочие отношения

to improve relationship — улучшать отношения

to inject some warmth in the chilly relationship — вносить некоторое потепление в прохладные отношения

to lay the foundations for one's new relationship — закладывать основы для новых взаимоотношений

to paper over / to patch up one's relationship — сглаживать противоречия в своих отношениях

to reassess one's relationship — пересматривать свои отношения

to repair relationship — улучшать отношения

to sever relationship — разрывать отношения

to strain bilateral relationship — ухудшать двусторонние отношения

to streamline relationship — повышать эффективность отношений

to strengthen relationship — укреплять взаимоотношения

to withdraw from security relationship — выходить из пакта безопасности

- amiable relationship
- bilateral relationship
- burgeoning relationship
- city-to-city relationship
- close relationship
- cordial relationship between the two countries
- disturbed relationship
- economic relationship
- equal relationship
- equitable relationship
- establishment of a normal relationship with a country
- expanding relationship
- global relationship
- harmonious relationship
- human relationship
- interindustry relationship
- intimate relationship
- kindred relationship
- labor relationship
- long relationship
- long-term relationship
- neighborly relationship
- new relationship
- new type of international relationship
- normal relationship
- operational relationship
- party-to-party relationship
- political relationship
- positive relationship with smb
- productive relationship
- relationship between church and state
- relationship between nature and society
- relationship of science and practice
- relaxed relationship
- same sex relationship
- smooth relationship
- stable relationship
- state-to-state relationship
- sterile relationship
- strains in the relationship between smb
- strategic relationship
- strengthening relationship
- strenuous relationship
- strong relationship
- trade relationships
- transatlantic relationship
- transpacific relationship
- triangular relationship
- trusting relationship
- unbreakable relationship
- uneasy relationship
- working relationship

Politics english-russian dictionary > relationship
3 smooth

smooth

A adj

1 lit (even, without bumps) [stone, sea, surface, skin, hair, fabric] lisse ; [road] plan ; [curve, line, breathing] régulier/-ière ; [sauce, gravy, paste] homogène ; [crossing, flight] sans heurts, calme ; [movement] aisé ; [music, rhythm, playing] fluide ; the tyres are worn smooth les pneus sont (devenus) lisses ; to have a smooth landing atterrir en douceur ; bring the car to a smooth stop arrêtez la voiture en douceur ; the engine is very smooth le moteur tourne parfaitement rond ;

2 fig ( problem-free) [journey, flight, life] paisible ; such a change is rarely smooth un tel changement se fait rarement en douceur ; the bill had a smooth passage through Parliament la loi a été adoptée sans difficultés par le Parlement ;

3 (pleasant, mellow) [taste, wine, whisky] moelleux/-euse ;

4 ( suave) gen, pej [person] mielleux/-euse ; [manners, appearance] onctueux/-euse ; to be a smooth talker être enjôleur/-euse ; ⇒ operator.

B vtr

1 lit ( flatten out) lisser [clothes, paper, hair, surface] ; ( get creases out) défroisser [fabric, paper] ; to smooth the creases from sth défroisser qch ; she smoothed her skirt over her hips elle a lissé sa jupe au niveau des hanches ; to smooth one's hair back se lisser les cheveux en arrière ; smooth the cream into your skin/over your face étalez la crème sur votre peau/visage ; this cream smooths rough skin cette crème adoucit les peaux desséchées ;

2 fig ( make easier) faciliter [process, transition, path] ; talks to smooth the path towards peace des pourparlers pour faciliter la voie vers la paix.

Idioms

to take the rough with the smooth prendre les choses comme elles viennent ; the course of true love never did run smooth l'amour vrai n'a jamais été facile à vivre ; ⇒ silk, baby, ruffled.

Phrasal verbs

■ smooth away:

▶ smooth away [sth], smooth [sth] away lit, fig faire disparaître [wrinkles, creases, problems].

■ smooth down:

▶ smooth [sth] down, smooth down [sth] gen lisser [clothes, hair, fabric] ; polir [wood, rough surface] ( to get creases out) défroisser [clothes, fabric].

■ smooth out:

▶ smooth [sth] out, smooth out [sth]

1 lit ( lay out) étendre [map, paper, cloth] ; ( remove creases) défroisser [paper, cloth] ;

2 fig aplanir [difficulties] ; faire disparaître [imperfections] ; to smooth out the impact of sth diminuer l'impact de qch.

■ smooth over:

▶ smooth [sth] over, smooth over [sth] fig atténuer [differences, awkwardness] ; aplanir [difficulties, problems] ; tempérer [bad feelings] ; améliorer [relationship] ; to smooth things over arranger les choses.

Big English-French dictionary > smooth
4 Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso

(1869-1951)

   Career army officer, one of the founders of the Estado Novo (1926-74), and the longest-serving president of the republic of that regime (1926-51). Born in Lisbon in 1869, the son of a career cavalry officer, Oscar Carmona entered the army in 1888 and became a lieutenant in 1894, in the same cavalry regiment in which his father had served. He rose rapidly, and became a general during the turbulent First Republic, briefly served as minister of war in 1923, and achieved public notoriety as prosecutor for the military in one of the famous trials of military personnel in an abortive 1925 coup. General Carmona was one of the key supporters of the 28 May 1926 military coup that overthrew the unstable republic and established the initially unstable military dictatorship (1926-33), which was the political system that founded the Estado Novo (1933-74).

   Carmona took power as president upon the ousting of the Twenty-eighth of May coup leader, General Gomes da Costa, and guided the military dictatorship through political and economic uncertainty until the regime settled upon empowering Antônio de Oliveira Salazar with extraordinary fiscal authority as minister of finance (April 1928). Elected in a managed election based on limited male suffrage in 1928, President Carmona served as the Dictatorship's president of the republic until his death in office in 1951 at age 81. In political creed a moderate republican not a monarchist, General (and later Marshal) Carmona played an essential role in the Dictatorship, which involved a division of labor between Dr. Salazar, who, as prime minister since July 1932 was responsible for the daily management of the government, and Carmona, who was responsible for managing civil-military relations in the system, maintaining smooth relations with Dr. Salazar, and keeping the armed forces officer corps in line and out of political intervention.

   Carmona's amiable personality and reputation for personal honesty, correctness, and hard work combined well with a friendly relationship with the civilian dictator Salazar. Especially in the period 1928-44, in his more vigorous years in the position, Carmona's role was vital in both the political and ceremonial aspects of his job. Car-mona's ability to balance the relationship with Salazar and the pressures and demands from a sometimes unhappy army officer corps that, following the civilianization of the regime in the early 1930s, could threaten military intervention in politics and government, was central to the operation of the regime.

   After 1944, however, Carmona was less effective in this role. His tiring ceremonial visits around Portugal, to the Atlantic Islands, and to the overseas empire became less frequent; younger generations of officers grew alienated from the regime; and Carmona suffered from the mental and physical ailments of old age. In the meantime, Salazar assumed the lion's share of political power and authority, all the while placing his own appointees in office. This, along with the regime's political police (PVDE or PIDE), Republican National Guard, and civil service, as well as a circle of political institutions that monopolized public office, privilege, and decision making, made Carmona's role as mediator-intermediary between the career military and the largely civilian-managed system significantly less important. Increasingly feeble and less aware of events around him, Carmona died in office in April 1951 and was replaced by Salazar's chosen appointee, General (and later Marshal) Francisco Craveiro Lopes, who was elected president of the republic in a regime-managed election.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso
5 course

noun

1) (of ship, plane) Kurs, der

change [one's] course — (lit. or fig.) den Kurs wechseln

course [of action] — Vorgehensweise, die

what are our possible courses of action? — welche Möglichkeiten haben wir?

the most sensible course would be to... — das Vernünftigste wäre, zu...

the course of nature/history — der Lauf der Dinge/Geschichte

run or take its course — seinen/ihren Lauf nehmen

let things take their course — den Dingen ihren Lauf lassen

off/on course — vom Kurs abgekommen/auf Kurs

2)

of course — natürlich

[do something] as a matter of course — [etwas] selbstverständlich [tun]

3) (progression) Lauf, der

in due course — zu gegebener Zeit

in the course of the lesson/the day/his life — im Lauf[e] der Stunde/des Tages/seines Lebens

4) (of river etc.) Lauf, der

5) (of meal) Gang, der

6) (Sport) Kurs, der; (for race) Rennstrecke, die

[golf] course — [Golf]platz, der

7) (Educ.) Kurs[us], der; (for employee also) Lehrgang, der; (book) Lehrbuch, das

go to or attend/do a course in something — einen Kurs in etwas (Dat.) besuchen/machen

8) (Med.)

a course of treatment — eine Kur

* * *
[ko:s]
noun

1) (a series (of lectures, medicines etc): I'm taking a course (of lectures) in sociology; He's having a course of treatment for his leg.) der Kurs

2) (a division or part of a meal: Now we've had the soup, what's (for) the next course?) der Gang

3) (the ground over which a race is run or a game (especially golf) is played: a racecourse; a golf-course.) feste Bahn

4) (the path or direction in which something moves: the course of the Nile.) der Weg

5) (the progress or development of events: Things will run their normal course despite the strike.) der Lauf

6) (a way (of action): What's the best course of action in the circumstances?) die Handlungsweise

•

- academic.ru/116900/in_the_course_of">in the course of
- in due course
- of course
- off
- on course
* * *

course

[kɔ:s, AM kɔ:rs]

I. n

1. (of aircraft, ship) Kurs m

to change \course den Kurs ändern

to keep [or maintain] one's \course seinen Kurs beibehalten; ( fig) seiner Richtung treu bleiben

to set [a] \course for Singapore auf Singapur zusteuern

to steer a \course ( also fig) einen Kurs steuern a. fig

to steer a \course between the islands zwischen den Inseln durchsteuern

they are steering a middle \course between communism and capitalism sie verfolgen einen gemäßigten Kurs zwischen Kommunismus und Kapitalismus

to be off \course nicht auf Kurs sein; ( fig) aus der Bahn geraten sein

to be driven off \course [vom Kurs] abgetrieben werden; ( fig) von seinen Plänen abgebracht werden

to be on \course auf Kurs sein; ( fig) auf dem richtigen Weg sein

we're on \course to finish the job by the end of the week wenn alles so weiterläuft, sind wir bis Ende der Woche mit der Arbeit fertig

they are on \course for a resounding victory sie sind auf dem Weg zu einem haushohen Sieg

2. (of road) Verlauf m; (of river) Lauf m

to follow a straight/winding \course gerade/kurvig verlaufen

to change \course einen anderen Verlauf nehmen

3. (way of acting)

\course [of action] Vorgehen nt

of the three \courses open to us this seems most likely to lead to success von den drei Wegen, die uns offenstehen, scheint dieser am ehesten zum Erfolg zu führen

if they raise their prices we shall have to follow the same \course wenn sie ihre Preise erhöhen, werden wir das Gleiche tun müssen

the best/wisest \course das Beste/Vernünftigste

your best \course would be to wait a week and then phone her again das Beste wäre, du würdest eine Woche warten und sie dann wieder anrufen

4. (development) Verlauf m

to change the \course of history den Lauf der Geschichte ändern

to pervert the \course of justice den Lauf der Gerechtigkeit beeinflussen

5. (during)

in the \course of sth im Verlauf [o während] einer S. gen

in the course of his speech in seiner Rede

in the \course of the next three or four weeks in den nächsten drei bis vier Wochen

in the normal [or ordinary] \course of events normalerweise

in the \course of time im Lauf[e] der Zeit

6. (certainly)

of \course natürlich

of \course not natürlich nicht

7. (series of classes) Kurs m

cookery [or cooking] \course Kochkurs m; training \course Schulung f

retraining \course Umschulungskurs m

to do [or take] a \course [in sth] einen Kurs [für etw akk] besuchen

to go on a \course BRIT einen Kurs besuchen

to go away on a training \course einen Lehrgang machen

8. MED

\course [of treatment] Behandlung f

\course of iron tablets Eisenkur f

a \course of physiotherapy [or AM usu physical therapy] eine physiotherapeutische Behandlung

to put sb on a \course of sth jdn mit etw dat behandeln

9. SPORT Bahn f, Strecke f

golf \course Golfplatz m

obstacle \course Hindernisparcours m

10. (part of meal) Gang m

the fish/meat \course der Fisch-/Fleischgang

11. (layer) Schicht f, Lage f

damp-proof \course Feuchtigkeitsdämmschicht f

12.

▶ in due \course zu gegebener Zeit

▶ to be par for the \course normal sein

▶ to stay the \course [bis zum Ende] durchhalten

▶ to take [or run] its \course seinen Weg gehen

to let nature take its \course nicht in die Natur eingreifen

II. vt HUNT

to \course game Wild hetzen

III. vi

1. (flow) strömen, fließen

tears were coursing down his cheeks Tränen liefen ihm über die Wangen

2. HUNT an einer Hetzjagd teilnehmen

* * *
I [kɔːs]
n

1) (= direction, path of plane, ship) Kurs m; (of river) Lauf m; (fig, of illness, relationship) Verlauf m; (of history) Lauf m; (of action etc, = way of proceeding) Vorgehensweise f

to set (one's) course for a place — Kurs auf einen Ort nehmen

to change or alter course — den Kurs wechseln or ändern

to be on/off course — auf Kurs sein/vom Kurs abgekommen sein

to be on course for sth (fig) — gute Aussichten auf etw (acc) haben

to let sth take or run its course — einer Sache (dat) ihren Lauf lassen, etw (acc) seinen Lauf nehmen lassen

the affair has run its course — die Angelegenheit ist zu einem Ende gekommen

the course of true love ne'er did run smooth (prov) — Liebe geht oft seltsame Wege (prov)

which course of action did you take? — wie sind Sie vorgegangen?

that was an unwise course of action — es war unklug, so vorzugehen

the best course (of action) would be... — das Beste wäre...

we have no other course (of action) but to... — es bleibt uns nicht anderes übrig als zu...

to take a middle course — einen gemäßigten Kurs einschlagen

2)

in the course of his life/the next few weeks/the meeting etc — während seines Lebens/der nächsten paar Wochen/der Versammlung etc

in the course of time/the conversation —

it's in the course of being done — es wird gerade gemacht

in the course of shaving — beim Rasieren

in the ordinary course of things, you could expect... —

to be in the course of nature — in der Natur der Sache liegen

See:

→ due

3)

of course! — natürlich!, selbstverständlich!, klar! (inf)

of course I will! —

of course I'm coming — natürlich or selbstverständlich komme ich, klar, ich komme

don't you like me? – of course I do — magst du mich nicht? – doch, natürlich

he's rather young, of course, but... — er ist natürlich ziemlich jung, aber...

4) (SCH, UNIV) Studium nt; (= summer course etc) Kurs(us) m; (at work) Lehrgang m; (MED, of treatment) Kur f

to go on a French course — einen Französischkurs( us) besuchen

a course in first aid — ein Kurs über Erste Hilfe, ein Erste-Hilfe-Kurs

a course of lectures, a lecture course — eine Vorlesungsreihe

a course of pills/treatment — eine Pillenkur/eine Behandlung

5) (SPORT: race course) Kurs m; (= golf course) Platz m

to stay or last the course (fig) — bis zum Ende durchhalten

6) (COOK) Gang m

first course — erster Gang

a three-course meal — ein Essen nt mit drei Gängen

7) (BUILD) Schicht f

8) (NAUT: sail) Untersegel nt
II
1. vt (HUNT)
hare, stag hetzen, jagen
2. vi

1) (blood, tears) strömen

2) (HUNT fig) hetzen, jagen

to go coursing — auf Hetzjagd gehen

* * *

course [kɔː(r)s]

A s

1. a) Fahrt f, Reise f

b) Lauf m, Weg m, (eingeschlagene) Richtung:

take one’s course seinen Weg verfolgen oder gehen (a. fig);

keep to one’s course beharrlich seinen Weg verfolgen (a. fig)

2. FLUG, SCHIFF Kurs m:

direct (magnetic, true) course gerader (missweisender, rechtweisender) Kurs;

course made good FLUG richtiger Kurs;

on (off) course (nicht) auf Kurs;

be on course for zusteuern auf (akk) (a. fig);

be on course to do sth fig auf dem besten Weg sein, etwas zu tun;

change one’s course seinen Kurs ändern (a. fig);

stand upon the course den Kurs halten;

steer a course einen Kurs steuern (a. fig);

course computer FLUG Kursrechner m;

course correction Kurskorrektur f;

course recorder Kursschreiber m;

course-setting device Kursgeber m

3. fig Kurs m, Weg m, Methode f, Verfahren n:

adopt a new course einen neuen Kurs oder Weg einschlagen;

take one’s own course seinen eigenen Weg gehen; → action 1

4. Verhaltens-, Lebensweise f:

(evil) courses üble Gewohnheiten

5. (zurückgelegter) Weg, Strecke f

6. a) (Fluss) Lauf m:

the course of the river

b) SPORT (Renn) Bahn f, (-)Strecke f, (Golf) Platz m, (Pferdesport) Parcours m:

course inspection (Skisport) Kurs-, Streckenbesichtigung f; Parcoursbesichtigung f;

course record Bahnrekord m; Platzrekord m;

course setter (Skisport) Kurssetzer(in); Parcoursbauer(in); → stay¹ B 4

7. (Ver)Lauf m (zeitlich):

in the course of im (Ver)Lauf (gen), während (gen);

in (the) course of time im Laufe der Zeit

8. Lebenslauf m, -bahn f, Karriere f

9. (natürlicher) Lauf, Ab-, Verlauf m, (Fort)Gang m:

course umg, of course natürlich, selbstverständlich; he’s very generous, but of course he’s got lots of money aber er hat natürlich auch jede Menge Geld;

the course of events der Gang der Ereignisse, der Lauf der Dinge;

in the ordinary course of things ( oder events) normalerweise;

the course of nature der natürliche Verlauf der Dinge;

the course of a disease der Verlauf einer Krankheit;

the course of history der Lauf der Geschichte;

the sickness will take its course die Krankheit wird ihren Lauf nehmen;

let things run ( oder take) their course den Dingen ihren Lauf lassen;

let nature take its course der Natur ihren Lauf lassen;

in course of construction im Bau (befindlich); → matter A 3

10. üblicher Gang oder Verlauf:

course of business WIRTSCH (regelmäßiger oder normaler) Geschäftsgang;

course of law Rechtsgang, -weg m; → due A 9

11. (Reihen-, Aufeinander)Folge f

12. Turnus m, regelmäßiger Wechsel (der Dienstzeiten etc)

13. Gang m (Teil einer Speisenfolge):

a four-course meal eine Mahlzeit mit vier Gängen

14. Zyklus m, Reihe f, Folge f:

a course of lectures eine Vortragsreihe

15. auch course of instruction Kurs m, Lehrgang m:

German course Deutschkurs;

course for beginners Anfängerkurs;

course of study UNIV

a) Kurs,

b) Lehrplan m;

be on (US in) a course einen Kurs (mit)machen

16. MED Kur f:

undergo a course of (medical) treatment sich einer Kur oder einer längeren Behandlung unterziehen

17. WIRTSCH obs (Geld-, Wechsel) Kurs m

18. WIRTSCH Marktlage f, Tendenz f

19. SCHIFF unteres großes Segel

20. ARCH Lage f, Schicht f (Ziegel etc):

course of archstones Wölbschicht

21. Stricken: Maschenreihe f

22. pl PHYSIOL Menstruation f, Periode f, Regel f

23. HIST Gang m (im Turnier etc)

24. GEOL Streichen n (Lagerstätte)

25. Bergbau: Ader f, Gang m, stehendes Flöz:

course of ore Erzgang

26. TECH Bahn f, Strich m, Schlag m

B v/t

1. durcheilen, jagen durch oder über (akk)

2. Wild, besonders Hasen (mit Hunden) hetzen

C v/i

1. rennen, eilen, jagen, stürmen:

course through sth fig etwas durcheilen

2. strömen (Tränen etc):

tears coursed down her cheeks Tränen liefen ihr über die Wangen

* * *

noun

1) (of ship, plane) Kurs, der

change [one's] course — (lit. or fig.) den Kurs wechseln

course [of action] — Vorgehensweise, die

what are our possible courses of action? — welche Möglichkeiten haben wir?

the most sensible course would be to... — das Vernünftigste wäre, zu...

the course of nature/history — der Lauf der Dinge/Geschichte

run or take its course — seinen/ihren Lauf nehmen

let things take their course — den Dingen ihren Lauf lassen

off/on course — vom Kurs abgekommen/auf Kurs

2)

of course — natürlich

[do something] as a matter of course — [etwas] selbstverständlich [tun]

3) (progression) Lauf, der

in due course — zu gegebener Zeit

in the course of the lesson/the day/his life — im Lauf[e] der Stunde/des Tages/seines Lebens

4) (of river etc.) Lauf, der

5) (of meal) Gang, der

6) (Sport) Kurs, der; (for race) Rennstrecke, die

[golf] course — [Golf]platz, der

7) (Educ.) Kurs[us], der; (for employee also) Lehrgang, der; (book) Lehrbuch, das

go to or attend/do a course in something — einen Kurs in etwas (Dat.) besuchen/machen

8) (Med.)

a course of treatment — eine Kur

* * *

(education) n.

Kursus -e (Bildung) m. n.

Bahn -en f.

Gang ¨-e (beim Essen) m.

Kurs -e (Verkehr) m.

Kurs -e m.

Lauf -e m.

Lehrgang -¨e m.

Richtung -en f.

English-german dictionary > course
6 algebra

алгебра

algebra at infinity — алгебра на бесконечности

algebra over a field — алгебра над полем

algebra with unit element — алгебра с единицей

algebra with prime characteristic — алгебра с простой характеристикой

algebra with minimality condition — алгебра с условием минимальности, алгебра с условием обрыва убывающих цепей

algebra with maximality condition — алгебра с условием максимальности, алгебра с условием обрыва возрастающих цепей

algebra with involution — алгебра с инволюцией

algebra with identity — алгебра с единицей

algebra with differentiation — дифференциальная алгебра

algebra with connection — алгебра со связью

algebra without connection — алгебра без связи

algebra without identity — алгебра без единицы

algebra without radical — алгебра без радикала

it can be shown by a little algebra — путем несложных алгебраических преобразований можно показать

space over algebra — пространство над алгеброй

- absolutely segregated algebra

- abstract algebra

- acyclic algebra

- adjacency algebra

- affine algebra

- affinoidal algebra

- algebra of attributes

- algebra of bounded representation type

- algebra of circuits

- algebra of classes

- algebra of constants

- algebra of endomorphisms

- algebra of events

- algebra of finite order

- algebra of finite rank

- algebra of infinite order

- algebra of infinite rank

- algebra of linearly bounded degree

- algebra of logic

- algebra of partitions

- algebra of quantities

- algebra of recursive functions

- algebra of relations

- algebra of residue classes

- algebra of rows

- algebra of sets

- algebra of smooth germs

- algebra of states and events

- algebra of subsets

- algebra of terms

- algebra of uniform index

- algebra of varieties

- algebraic algebra

- alternate exterior algebra

- alternating algebra

- amenable algebra

- analytic algebra

- annihilator algebra

- annulus algebra

- anticommutative algebra

- antisymmetric algebra

- associative algebra

- atomic algebra

- atomic boolean algebra

- atomless algebra

- attainable algebra

- augmented algebra

- auxiliary algebra

- Banach algebra

- barreled algebra

- basis of algebra

- bicylinder algebra

- bidual algebra

- biregular algebra

- block algebra

- bornological algebra

- cardinal algebra

- Cartan algebra

- categorical algebra

- causal algebra

- centerless algebra

- central algebra

- central division algebra

- centralizable algebra

- circuit algebra

- class algebra

- classical algebra

- closed algebra

- closure algebra

- cofibrant algebra

- cohomology algebra

- collapsing algebra

- collinear algebra

- color algebra

- combinatorial algebra

- commutant algebra

- commutator algebra

- commuting algebra

- compact algebra

- compactly embedded algebra

- complete algebra

- complex algebra

- complexified algebra

- compression of algebra

- condition algebra

- conformal algebra

- connected algebra

- conservative algebra

- constraint algebra

- context-free algebra

- contracted algebra

- contraction algebra

- contravariant algebra

- convex algebra

- convolution algebra

- coordinate algebra

- cosimple algebra

- countably additive algebra

- countably generated algebra

- covered algebra

- cubic algebra

- current algebra

- cylindric algebra

- decidable algebra

- degenerate algebra

- derivation algebra

- derived algebra

- dichotomic algebra

- difference algebra

- differentiable algebra

- differential algebra

- disk algebra

- distinguished algebra

- distributive algebra

- division algebra

- elastic algebra

- elementary algebra

- embedded algebra

- endomorphism algebra

- enumerable algebra

- enveloping algebra

- exceptional algebra

- extended algebra

- exterior algebra

- extremal algebra

- field-like algebra

- finite algebra

- finitely defined algebra

- finitely generated algebra

- fixed algebra

- flat algebra

- free Lie algebra

- freely generated algebra

- full algebra

- fully reducible algebra

- function algebra

- functionally complete algebra

- functionally free algebra

- generalized algebra

- generic algebra

- geometrical algebra

- graded algebra

- graph algebra

- group algebra

- groupoid algebra

- hereditarily paracompact algebra

- heterogeneous algebra

- higher algebra

- holonomy algebra

- homeomorphic algebras

- homogeneous algebra

- homological algebra

- homotopical algebra

- hypercomplex algebra

- hyperfinite algebra

- ideal algebra

- idempotent algebra

- image algebra

- implicative algebra

- imprimitivity algebra

- incidence algebra

- incomplete algebra

- indecomposable algebra

- infinite algebra

- infinitely generated algebra

- injective algebra

- integral algebra

- intuitionistic algebra

- inverse algebra

- involutory algebra

- irreducible algebra

- krakowian algebra

- left algebra

- left-alternative algebra

- limit algebra

- linearly compact algebra

- linearly topological algebra

- local algebra

- locally finite algebra

- locally nilpotent algebra

- locally solvable algebra

- loop algebra

- matrix algebra

- maximal algebra

- measure algebra

- monadic algebra

- monoid algebra

- monomial algebra

- monounary algebra

- multilinear algebra

- multiplication algebra

- multiplicatively convex algebra

- multiplier algebra

- nilpotent algebra

- nonassociative algebra

- nonatomic algebra

- noncommutative algebra

- noncommutative polynomial algebra

- noncompact algebra

- nondegenerated algebra

- nonisomorphic algebra

- nonmetric algebra

- normal algebra

- normalizable algebra

- normalized algebra

- null algebra

- numeroid algebra

- operation algebra

- optional algebra

- ordered algebra

- orthogonal algebra

- p-adic algebra

- pair algebra

- partial algebra

- partially ordered algebra

- polyadic algebra

- polydisk algebra

- polylinear algebra

- polynomial algebra

- power-associative algebra

- primitive algebra

- probability algebra

- projective algebra

- propositional algebra

- pseudonormal algebra

- pseudosimple algebra

- quantifier algebra

- quasiassociative algebra

- quasifinite algebra

- quasilocal algebra

- quasiminor algebra

- quaternion algebra

- quotient algebra

- radical algebra

- ramified algebra

- rational algebra

- real algebra

- reduced algebra

- reductive algebra

- regularizable algebra

- relational algebra

- relationship algebra

- representable algebra

- representation algebra

- residue algebra

- restricted algebra

- retractable algebra

- right alternative algebra

- scale algebra

- segmental algebra

- segregated algebra

- self-adjoint algebra

- semifinite algebra

- semigroup algebra

- semilinear algebra

- semiordered algebra

- semisimple algebra

- semisimplicial algebra

- semitensor algebra

- separable algebra

- sigma algebra

- skew-commutative algebra

- solvable algebra

- special algebra

- spinor algebra

- split algebra

- standard algebra

- star algebra

- state algebra

- stiff algebra

- stochastic algebra

- strict algebra

- subdirectly irreducible algebra

- subdirectly reducible algebra

- subtractive algebra

- sufficient algebra

- superatomic algebra

- supplemented algebra

- switching algebra

- symbolic algebra

- symplectic algebra

- syncopated algebra

- tangent algebra

- ternary algebra

- three-dimensional algebra

- topological algebra

- topologically symmetrical algebra

- transition algebra

- tree algebra

- triply generated algebra

- twisted polynomial algebra

- two-dimensional algebra

- two-element algebra

- two-valued algebra

- uncountable algebra

- ungraded algebra

- uniform algebra

- uniformly closed algebra

- unimodular algebra

- uniserial algebra

- unitary algebra

- universal algebra

- unramified algebra

- variable algebra

- vector algebra

- vector-matrix algebra

- weakly distributive algebra

- weakly hereditary algebra

- word algebra

English-Russian scientific dictionary > algebra
7 breathing

breathing ['bri:ðɪŋ]

noun

(a) (gen) respiration f, souffle m; Music (of musician) respiration f;

∎ heavy breathing respiration f bruyante

(b) Linguistics aspiration f;

∎ rough/smooth breathing (in ancient Greek) esprit m rude/doux

►► Technology breathing apparatus (for fireman, miner etc) masque m à oxygène; (for diver) scaphandre m;

breathing space moment m de répit;

∎ figurative I need some breathing space (in relationship) j'ai besoin de respirer ou d'espace

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > breathing
8 rough

rough [rʌf]

rêche ⇒ 1 (a) rugueux ⇒ 1 (a) brutal ⇒ 1 (b) rude ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (d) agité ⇒ 1 (e) rauque ⇒ 1 (f) approximatif ⇒ 1 (g) brouillon ⇒ 2 (b) avec rudesse ⇒ 3

1 adjective

(a) (uneven → skin, cloth, paper) rêche; (→ surface) rugueux; (→ road) accidenté, rocailleux; (→ coast) accidenté; (→ edge) rugueux

(b) (violent → behaviour, person, treatment) brutal; (→ neighbourhood) dur, mal fréquenté;

∎ they came in for some rough treatment ils ont été malmenés;

∎ the parcels got some rough handling les paquets ont été traités sans ménagement ou malmenés;

∎ he received some rough handling from the press la presse l'a présenté de façon défavorable;

∎ they were rough with or on the new recruits ils n'ont pas été tendres avec les nouvelles recrues;

∎ she's terribly rough with the children elle est très brutale avec les enfants;

∎ they're rough kids ce sont des petites brutes ou des petits voyous;

∎ he's a rough customer c'est un dur;

∎ rugby can be a rough game le rugby peut être un jeu brutal;

∎ you see some rough behaviour at football matches on voit des violences ou des brutalités aux matchs de foot;

∎ he has a rough tongue il ne mâche pas ses mots;

∎ to give sb the rough edge of one's tongue réprimander qn, ne pas ménager ses reproches à qn

(c) (unrefined → person, manners) rude, fruste; (→ speech, accent) rude, grossier;

∎ to knock the rough edges off sb/sth dégrossir qn/qch

(d) (unpleasant, hard) rude, dur;

∎ to have a rough life avoir une vie dure;

∎ she's had a rough time of it elle en a vu des dures ou de toutes les couleurs;

∎ they gave him a rough time or ride ils lui ont mené la vie dure;

∎ he's had a rough deal ça a été très dur pour lui;

∎ to make things rough for sb mener la vie dure à qn;

∎ it's rough on her (unlucky) c'est dur pour elle; (unjust) c'est injuste pour elle;

∎ it's rough on the skin c'est mauvais pour la peau;

∎ divorce is rough on children le divorce est dur pour les enfants;

∎ you were too rough on them tu as été trop sévère avec eux;

∎ it's rough having to work on Saturdays c'est dur de devoir travailler le samedi;

∎ British rough luck! pas de veine!

(e) (sea) agité, houleux; (climate) rude;

∎ we had a rough crossing on a eu une traversée agitée;

∎ rough weather gros temps m

(f) (harsh → sound, voice) rauque; (→ tone) brusque; (→ taste) âpre; (→ wine) rêche

(g) (approximate → calculation, estimate, translation) approximatif; (rudimentary → equipment) rudimentaire, grossier;

∎ at a rough guess grosso modo, approximativement;

∎ I only need a rough estimate je n'ai pas besoin d'une réponse précise;

∎ to have a rough idea of sth avoir une idée approximative de qch;

∎ it gives you a rough guide cela vous donne une indication approximative;

∎ in a or its rough state à l'état brut;

∎ they built a rough canoe from a log ils ont construit un canoë de fortune avec un tronc d'arbre

(h) British familiar (ill) patraque;

∎ I'm feeling a bit rough je ne suis pas dans mon assiette;

∎ to look rough ne pas par avoir l'air dans son assiette

2 noun

(a) (ground) terrain m rocailleux; Golf rough m;

∎ to take the rough with the smooth prendre les choses comme elles viennent

(b) (draft) brouillon m; (of design) crayonné m, esquisse f; (of drawing) ébauche f;

∎ in rough à l'état de brouillon ou d'ébauche;

∎ he drafted the proposal in rough il rédigea un brouillon de la proposition

(c) familiar (hoodlum) dur m, voyou m

(d) familiar

∎ she likes a bit of rough (person) elle aime s'envoyer un prolo de temps en temps; (sexual activity) elle aime qu'on la malmène un peu pendant l'amour

3 adverb

(speak) avec rudesse;

∎ to play rough (children etc) jouer brutalement; (in business, relationship) ne pas faire de cadeaux;

∎ to treat sb rough malmener qn;

∎ to live rough vivre à la dure;

∎ to sleep rough coucher à la dure ou dans la rue

4 transitive verb

British familiar

∎ to rough it vivre à la dure;

∎ we'll just have to rough it il faudra qu'on fasse avec les moyens du bord^□

►► rough book brouillard m;

rough copy brouillon m;

Television & Cinema rough cut premier montage m;

rough diamond diamant m brut;

∎ British figurative he's a rough diamond il est bourru mais il a un cœur d'or;

rough draft brouillon m;

Television & Cinema rough edit montage m bout à bout;

Television & Cinema rough focus première mise f au point;

rough ground (bumpy) terrain m rocailleux ou raboteux; (waste) terrain m vague;

Botany rough hawkbit liondent m hispide;

rough justice justice f sommaire;

rough linen gros lin m;

rough paper papier m brouillon;

rough passage traversée f difficile;

∎ figurative the bill had a rough passage through the House le projet de loi a eu des difficultés à passer à la Chambre;

Sport rough play jeu m brutal;

rough sketch croquis m, ébauche f;

∎ just give me a rough sketch or outline of your plans donnez-moi juste un aperçu de vos projets;

rough sleeper (homeless person) SDF mf;

familiar rough stuff brutalités^□ fpl;

familiar rough trade (male prostitute) = jeune prostitué homosexuel à tendances violentes; (working-class male homosexual) homosexuel m prolo;

rough work brouillon m

➲ rough out separable transitive verb

British (drawing, plan) ébaucher, esquisser

➲ rough up separable transitive verb

(a) (hair) ébouriffer; (clothes) mettre en désordre

(b) familiar (person) tabasser, passer à tabac

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > rough
9 downshifting

Gen Mgt

the concept of giving up all or part of your work commitment and income in exchange for improved quality of life. The term was coined by Charles Handy. Downshifting has increased in popularity because of rising stress in the workplace caused partly by the downsizing trend of the late 20th century, and may be contrasted with the concept of the organization man. Downshifting is integral to the idea of portfolio working, in which individuals opt out of a formal employee relationship to sell their services at a pace and at a price to suit themselves.

Most people consider downshifting because of family demands, or because they have been asked to do something by their organization that goes strongly against their values, pushing them to question why they are working so hard for that organization. Others downshift as they approach retirement, in order to smooth the transition. People who downshift need to be very sure that that is what they really want and know why they want it, as it can be hard to reverse the decision.

Someone wanting to take the risk of downshifting should make a thorough assessment of his or her short-term and long-term financial situation by way of preparation. They will need to have a good bed of savings to rely on in the first year. It may be necessary to consider moving to a smaller, cheaper place. Deciding what to keep of the old life and what to let go is another important part of the preparation. Some downshifters will want to completely leave their old work life behind them, starting a new job in a slower-paced organization, or setting up on their own. Others will want to stay with their organization but perhaps move to a less demanding job. Once these things have been considered and decided upon, it is time for the downshifter to make an action plan with a schedule which includes regular reassessment periods.

The ultimate business dictionary > downshifting

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smooth relationship

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